There Is an Inverse Correlation between Basic Motor Skills and Overweight in Schoolchildren Aged 8 to 12.

In the last three decades, childhood obesity has become a 21st century epidemic, a product of social development. The purpose of this study was to analyze the repercussions that overweight and obesity have for the basic motor skills of a group of children in primary school, as well as their interrelations. We analyzed a sample of 287 students from Spain, aged between 8 and 12 years. Anthropometric data were taken to determine their Body Mass Index (BMI). A scale of assessment of basic motor skills was used to evaluate their motor skills. The BMI data revealed that 11% of this sample was considered obese, and 26% was overweight. Children showed higher competence in locomotor skills than in object control and turn and rolling skills, for which motor competence levels were lower. Likewise, there was an inverse relationship between BMI and basic motor skills; children with obesity had the lowest levels of motor skills, and there was a significant difference regarding non-obese children (p ≤ 0.05). These results showed that overweight and obese children have lower basic motor skills, which can lead to the abandonment of physical activity and the preference for other activities that reinforce a sedentary lifestyle.

The Impact of a Phone Assistance Nursing Program on Adherence to Home Exercises and Final Outcomes in Patients Who Underwent Shoulder Instability Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a phone assistance nursing program as an adjunct to conventional physiotherapy to increase adherence to a home exercise program on functional outcomes of patients who underwent shoulder instability surgery. METHODS: A randomized controlled study of 70 patients allocated to a phone assistance program (study group, n = 36 patients) or conventional postoperative management (control group, n = 34 patients) was conducted. All patients in both groups received conventional rehabilitation at the outpatient clinic after surgery. In addition, patients in the study group received phone calls from a nurse (who had access to a physiotherapist) 3 days per week. During the calls these patients received a coaching session about self-care and support with the home exercise program. Evaluations were performed during a follow-up of 12 months for range of motion (ROM), pain (visual analog scale [VAS] score), Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, Oxford Shoulder Instability Score (OSIS), and Rowe score. RESULTS: All scores significantly improved from preoperative to the final follow-up in both groups (p = .001). At the final follow-up, there were no significant differences between groups in VAS, DASH, or Rowe scores. However, those in the study group had significantly better OSIS (p = .013) and ROM (p = .001), particularly for anterior forward motion (p = .001). Likewise, the study group achieved full motion and function significantly faster than the control group (p = .002). The amount of rehabilitation sessions at the outpatient clinic was 1.7 times higher in the control group (p = .004) than in the study group. CONCLUSION: The phone assistance nursing program was an effective procedure to significantly improve the outcomes of conventional physiotherapy in patients who have undergone an operation for shoulder instability.

A scoring system to predict 5-year mortality in patients diagnosed with laryngeal glottic cancer.

Only one prognostic model for laryngeal cancer has been published, but it has not been properly validated and is only applicable to patients treated with radiotherapy. Consequently, we constructed, internally validated and implemented in an App (Android), a predictive model of 5-year mortality in patients with glottic cancer in a cohort study of 189 patients with glottic cancer in 2004-2016 in Spain. The main variable was time-to-death. Secondary variables were age, gender, TNM, stage, smoking, alcohol consumption, histology and treatment. A scoring system to predict mortality at 5 years was constructed, validated internally by bootstrapping and then integrated into an Android app. In all, 70 patients died (37.0%, 76 deaths per 1,000 patient-years). The predictive model had the following prognostic factors: larger tumour size, greater degree of lymph node metastasis, higher stage, smoking and alcohol consumption. The internal validation of the model through bootstrapping was satisfactory. In conclusion, a points system to predict mortality at 5 years in patients with glottic cancer has been constructed, internally validated and integrated into an Android application. External validation is suggested to make available a quick and simple tool to establish the prognosis for these patients.

A predictive model for recurrence in patients with glottic cancer implemented in a mobile application for Android.

OBJECTIVES: The existing predictive models of laryngeal cancer recurrence present limitations for clinical practice. Therefore, we constructed, internally validated and implemented in a mobile application (Android) a new model based on a points system taking into account the internationally recommended statistical methodology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This longitudinal prospective study included 189 patients with glottic cancer in 2004-2016 in a Spanish region. The main variable was time-to-recurrence, and its potential predictors were: age, gender, TNM classification, stage, smoking, alcohol consumption, and histology. A points system was developed to predict five-year risk of recurrence based on a Cox model. This was validated internally by bootstrapping, determining discrimination (C-statistics) and calibration (smooth curves). RESULTS: A total of 77 patients presented recurrence (40.7%) in a mean follow-up period of 3.4 ±â€¯3.0 years. The factors in the model were: age, lymph node stage, alcohol consumption and stage. Discrimination and calibration were satisfactory. CONCLUSION: A points system was developed to obtain the probability of recurrence of laryngeal glottic cancer in five years, using five clinical variables. Our system should be validated externally in other geographical areas.

Prospective study of comminuted articular distal radius fractures stabilized by volar plating in the elderly.

PURPOSE: The objective was to assess the ability of the volar locking plate to maintain the radiographic parameters over the time in elderly patients with complex intra-articular distal radius fractures. METHODS: Prospective cohort of 66 consecutive patients with mean age of 68 (range 60-81) years and AO type C fractures treated with volar locking plate. Radiographic measurements were performed pre and post-operatively at each follow-up. Clinical assessment was made by Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation scores, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score, range of motion, and grip strength. RESULTS: The mean post-operative follow-up was 31 (range, 24-47) months. The most difficult parameters to restore intra-operatively were volar tilt and radial height, while radial inclination and ulnar variance were restored in a high rate of patients. There was significant loss of reduction within four post-operative months in volar tilt (p = 0.001) and radial height (p = 0.029). Mean radiographic parameters had no changes from four months to final evaluation. At final follow-up, 50.1% of the patients had all radiographic parameters restored in comparison with the noninvolved wrist, but 83.3% had all radiographic parameters within a functional range (p = 0.001). No significant relationship between radiographic and functional outcomes was found (p = 0.474). CONCLUSIONS: This study found that volar locking plate fixation for displaced intra-articular distal radius fractures in elderly patients was an effective procedure to obtain success functional outcomes. Although reduction loss in volar tilt and radial height occurred within four first months, volar plate was able to maintain fracture stabilization with radiographic parameters within functional range over the time in most patients of these elderly patients.

Intra-articular distal radius fractures in elderly patients: a randomized prospective study of casting versus volar plating.

We compared outcomes in elderly patients with intra-articular distal radius fractures treated by closed reduction and plaster immobilization or open reduction and internal fixation with a volar plate. Ninety-seven patients older than 60 years were randomly allocated to conservative (47 patients) or surgical (50 patients) treatment. Over a 2-year period, we assessed patient-rated wrist evaluation score, DASH (disability arm, shoulder and hand) questionnaire, pain, wrist range of motion, grip strength, and radiological parameters. The functional outcomes and quality of life were significantly better after volar plating fixation compared with conservative treatment. We found that restoration of the articular surface, radial inclination, and ulnar variance affected the outcomes, but the articular step-off did not. Twenty-five per cent of the patients with conservative treatment had secondary loss of reduction. We conclude that surgical plating leads to better outcomes than conservative treatment for elderly patients with intra-articular distal radius fractures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I.

Antropología e historia de las drogas caseras o cotidianas: desde la búsqueda del efecto analgésico, anestésico y ansiolítico hasta la búsqueda de efectos psicosociales / No disponible

El consumo de sustancias con el fin de producir algún tipo de alteración de la percepción y de la conducta es inherente a la especie humana, tal y como podemos comprobar en los distintos periodos temporales de la historia humana. Desde la recolección de miel y la elaboración de hidromiel, el consumo de adormidera o de plantas antiálgicas en la prehistoria; pasando por el vino, la cerveza, el opio, el beleño y la mandrágora en la antigüedad; los destilados del vino y el café en la edad media; el láudano, el aguardiente, las colas y el tabaco en el renacimiento; hasta la cocaína en el s. XIX, parece que el ser humano siempre ha tenido cerca la ayuda de sustancias estimulantes, sedantes, anestésicas o alucinógenas, con usos que van desde fines ritualísticos hasta fines sociales, y que eran consumidos tanto de forma institucionalizada como de forma casera, observando que es habitual el inicio del consumo con cierto control hasta que deviene a un consumo casero o lúdico. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar cómo estas sustancias caseras o cotidianas se han venido presentando en los principales periodos históricos y que, aunque pudieran considerarse alimentos, producían otros efectos muy oportunos en ocasiones (AU)

Substance use in order to produce some kind of alteration of perception and behaviour is inherent in the human species, as we can see in the different periods in human history. From honey collection and hydromel making, consumption of poppy or antalgic plants in prehistory, through wine, beer, opium, henbane and mandrake in ancient times, wine distillates and coffee in the Middle Ages, laudanum, spirits, cola nuts and tobacco in the Renaissance, to cocaine in the XIX century, it seems that humans have always had at hand the aid of stimulants, sedatives, anaesthetic or hallucinogenic substances, with uses ranging from ritualistic to social purposes, and that they were consumed on both an institutionalized basis or at home, noting that the usual pattern is initiation with some control until this turns into domestic or recreational use. The aim of this paper is to present how these commonplace or household substances have come forward in the main historical periods and, although they could be considered foodstuffs, to show how they occasionally produced other very opportune effects (AU)